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Research: LINEZOLID VERSUS CIPROFLOXACIN - METRONIDAZOLE IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS
Naresh Thondepu*,P. Ranjith Kumar,P. Suneetha,C. K. Dhanapal
Pharmacie Globale : International Journal of Comprehensive Pharmacy , 2010,
Abstract: Diabetic Foot Infections are a common cause of morbidity in both the community and the hospital. Diabetic Foot Infection is classified as complicated if the infection has spread to the deeper soft tissues, if surgical intervention is necessary, or if the patient has a co morbid condition hindering treatment response (e.g., diabetes mellitus or human immunodeficiency virus). The prospective comparative study was conducted in the surgery department attach to medical college situated in Tamilnadu, with 1210 bedded Hospital. The purpose of this study was to compare use of linezolid with ciprofloxacin-metronidazole in the treatment of proven gram positive and gram negative complicated diabetic foot infections requiring hospitalization. In current study Wagner’s ulcer grade classification scale was used to find out the degree and severity of foot infections on basis of the scale the treatment was selected. Majority of the patients with foot problems were of Grade II to Grade IV. The overall mean treatment was longer for control group (Ciprofloxacin-Metronidazole treated) than for the test group (Linezolid treated). The mean duration of treatment was 10.9+5.3 days in Test Group and 11.8+4.9 days in Control group. The treatment duration was significantly (P<0.01) shorter for diabetic foot infection patients in Test (Linezolid) group. Linezolid showed more therapeutic efficacy than combination of Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole. A Significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in test group (Linezolid treated) compared to the control group in diabetic foot infections. Drug related adverse events more in control group than test group were observed.
Prevention and control of nosocomial -pneumonia
P. SanilKumar,C K. Dhanapal,R. Manavalan,Krishnamurthy Rao
International Journal of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , 2012,
Abstract: Hospitals are created for cure the disease but not for the spreading of diseases, even though this statement is true to the theoretical concept but it is not possible practically due to various risk factors. The spread of infection in the hospitals occurs due to the microorganism. Nosocomial Pneumonia add significantly to the economic burden of managing the underlying disease that has lead to hospitalization of the patient. More than 90% of reported infections are bacterial where as viral, fungal or protozoal infections are less commonly involved in hospital-acquired infections. This project deals with bacterial nosocomial pathogens only, since they are by far major causes of nosocomial Pneumonia. Objective of the present study include the identification, prevention and control of nosocomial Pneumonia in our hospitals. The ultimate aim is the reduction of nosocomial Pneumonia and their costs. Baseline study for morbidity pattern in the hospitals, finding sources of exogenous and endogenous sources of nosocomial Pneumonia. Nosocomial Pneumonia also is the infection most likely to be fatal, with mortality rates exceeding 30%, and is the most expensive to treat. Moreover, patients on mechanical ventilators develop Pneumonia morefrequently and are more likely to have a fatal outcome than those not requiring assisted respiration (Lynch et al 1997). In large part, these findings reflect the severity of the underlying disease.Most nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria growing in the back of the throat (oropharynx) or stomach. Intubation and mechanical ventilation greatly increase the risk of infection. Suggest measures to minimize the nosocomial Pneumonia and suggest guidelines for efficacious management of nosocomial infections.
A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY ON SOME CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF BRONCHOPNEUMONIA AMONG INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
C.K. Dhanapal,J. Mathew,S. Madhusudhan,R. Manavalan
Journal of Global Pharma Technology , 2009, DOI: 10.1234/jgpt.v1i1.37
Abstract: A hospital based 6 months prospective study was carried out on children with clinical diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in pediatric department of RMMC Chidambaram. The objective of the study was to find out the proportional case rate and the clinico-epidemiological features of the disease. The effectiveness of Nebulized salbutamol among bronchopneumonia children was also finding out. The proportional case rate was found to be 2.24%. Low birth weight (18%) malnutrition (23%) no immunization (17%), non-breast feeding (20%) and low socio-economic status (25%). Response to nebulized salbutamol was remarkably higher (70%) in 6 to 12 month group.
Isolation, Characterization, Screening and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Actinomycetes from Locally (Near MCAS) Collected Soil Samples
V. Dhananjeyan,N. Selvan,K. Dhanapal
Journal of Biological Sciences , 2010,
Abstract: In the present study, the soil samples were collected from Corn and Soya fields; near MCAS. Actinomycetes strains were isolated in specific medium using Arginine-Glycerol-Salt (AGS). These Actinomycetes were screened with regard to potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The purified Actinomycetes strains were performed in biochemical tests such as, Fermentation of citrate, Starch hydrolysis, Vogus-proskauer, Triple sugar iron test etc. The positive isolate was immobilized using sodium alginate beads and the immobilized cells were cultivated in specific fermentation liquid medium for 120 h. Antibacterial compound was purified from the filtrate by solvent extraction method. A comparative study on the total antibiotic sensitivity of the free cells and immobilized cells showed that the immobilized strains were found to be effective against the tested microorganisms. The immobilized cell of Actinomycetes was found to be more efficient for the production of secondary metabolites with batch fermentation. The Actinomycetes strains were prepared in crude protein and the crude protein was determined by using SDS PAGE method. From the results, we are concluded that the positive immobilized Actinomycetes strain showed high antibacterial activity against tested pathogens.
A Study on Catalase Activity and its Genetic Polymorphism in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
K. Dhanapal,N. Selvan,V. Dhananjeyan
Journal of Biological Sciences , 2010,
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate on catalase activity and genetic polymorphism in diabetes patients, the blood sample were collected from 20 type II diabetic patients attending the outpatient department and admitted to the RMMCH. The age of patients ranged from 40-65 years of both sexes. Reactive oxygen species generated by hyperglycemia modify structure and function of lipids, proteins and other molecules. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of selected antioxidant enzymes. The 20 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were analyzed for SNP in catalase gene. Restricted fragment length polymorphism studies showed 80% of the patients were TT genotype and 20% were of heterozygous genotype. No AA genotype was observed in our group of study. Observed that patients with T allele had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose, RBC catalase activity and HbA1c where as heterozygous had higher FPG, RBC catalase activity high and HbA1c. It is suggestive of possible association of heterozygocity with poor glycemic control and high catalase activity. It has been observed that the level of enzyme was found to be significantly high in heterozygous group. High (concentration) activity may be secondary to high oxidative stress as a result of poor glycemic control. In heterozygous patients the association of high catalase activity with this SNP should be carefully considered because early study has reported that there is no statistically significant difficult association of CAT alleles and this activity.
Evolutionary Relationship of Wheat Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI) Gene Promoter Sequence Based on Phylogenetic Analysis  [PDF]
Arun Prabhu Dhanapal
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.33045
Abstract: Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is an oxidoreductase enzyme abundant in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In plants, PDIs have been shown to assist the folding and deposition of seed storage proteins during the biogenesis of protein bodies in the endosperm. Cloning and characterization of the complete set of genes encoding PDI and PDI like proteins in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring) and the comparison of their sequence, structure and expression with homologous genes from other plant species were reported in our previous publications. Promoter sequences of three homoeologous genes encoding typical PDI, located on chromosome group 4 of bread wheat, and PDI promoter sequence analysis of Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides and Aegilops tauschii had also been reported previously. In this study, we report the isolation and sequencing of a ~700 bp region, comprising ~600 bp of the putative promoter region and 88 bp of the first exon of the typical PDI gene, in five accessions each from Triticum urartu (AA), Aegilops speltoides (BB) and Aegilops tauschii (DD). Sequence analysis indicated large variation among sequences belonging to the different genomes, while close similarity was found within each species and with the corresponding homoeologous PDI sequences of Triticum aestivum cv. CS (AABBDD) resulting in an overall high conservation of the sequence conferring endosperm-specific expression.
Genomics of crop plant genetic resources  [PDF]
Arun Prabhu Dhanapal
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.34054
Abstract: Plant genetic resources collection and utilization had made a huge impact in balancing the genetic diversity of the existing crop plant species and their application in genome based studies had also increased widely. Primarily studies were based on model species, although it now enhances the transferability of information to crops and related species. With the tremendous outbreak of new high-throughput technologies like next-generation sequencing (NGS) and reduction in their costs are bringing many more plants within the range of genome and transcriptome level analysis. The completion of reference genome sequences for many important crops and the ability to perform high-throughput resequencing are providing opportunities for improving our understanding of the crop plant genetic resources to accelerate crop improvement. The future of crop improvement will be centred on comparisons of individual crop plant genomes, and some of the best opportunities may lie in using combinations of new genetic mapping strategies and evolutionary analyses to direct and optimize the discovery and use of genetic variation. Here I review the importance of crop plant genetic resources and insights that have been emerged in recent years.
FISH CONSUMPTION PRACTICES IN NELLORE, ANDHRAPRADESH
DHANAPAL, K.,RAJA KUMAR, M.,SUDHAKAR, O.,THRIVENI, K.
- , 2018,
Abstract: A study on fish consumption practices in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh State was undertaken by conducting a survey among the randomly selected three hundred fish consuming households. Information regarding fish consumption expenditure, per capita fish consumption, fish consumption frequency, preferences with reasons for the consumption of particular marine fish varieties, place and forms of fish consumption, fish usage practices were collected, analyzed and presented
In vivo Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Enicostemma littorale against Ccl4 Induced Liver Damage in Rats
B. Samuel Thavamani,Dhanapal Venkatachalam,K. Muddukrishniah,Sukanya Vijayan
- , 2018, DOI: 10.9734/AJRIMPS/2018/43512
Abstract: (1) Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Pakistan.
Carcinogenic microbes in oral cavity
Raghu Dhanapal
e-Journal of Dentistry , 2011,
Abstract:
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